EFFECTS OF THE BY-PRODUCTS AND GRAIN MIXTURE RATIO ON THE LACTATING PERFORMANCE OF DAIRY GOATS AND COWS

　　The highly digestible by-product feedstuff could replace amount of grain mixture in total mixed ration without affecting goat performance. As for dairy cows, High grain diet feeding promoted cow’s daily weigh gain. High by-product diet stimulated the production of acetic acid in the rumen, decreased the ruminal pH value and reduced the blood urea nitrogen. It indicated that in hot summer, diets formulated with 30% long-fiber forage will not influence rumen function. Also, the highly digestible by-product could replace up to 10% of grain mixture in total mixed ration without affecting cow performance.

A SERIES OF EXPERIMENTS WERE CONDUCTED TO EVALUATE THE FEASIBILITY OF APPLYING FEED RICE TO SUBSTITUTE THE CORN USED IN ANIMALS FEED FORMULATION

1. For commercial red-feathered Taiwan native chicken: Using levels (50,75 and 100%) of rice to substitute the corn in diet had no effects on live body weight, daily gain and mortality. The 100% substitution of corn with feed rice resulted in a significantly lower feed intake and better feed onversion ratio in starter period than the control group. Besides, The fat content, drip loss at d 14 and cooking loss in the breast muscle were significantly higher in 100% corn group and had significantly lower firmness and toughness in the breast muscle than the control group.

2. For broiler:  The replacement of corn with feed rice is 50% when both the growth and carcass performances were considered.

3. For native chicken: Using the 75% or 100% of feed rice to substitute the corn in diet had a significantly lower b* value in the breast skin and a* value in the breast muscle than the control group. In addition, the b* value in the breast muscle of 100% of feed rice group was significantly lower than the control group.

4. For mule duck: Replacing corn in diet with feed rice could improve mule ducks' live weight, carcass weight and breast weight, but the color of carcasses should be considered.

5. For geese: The growth of geese fed the rice-SBM based diet had no difference from fed corn-SBM diet. But we need to consider the effect of higher fiber of rice grain on growth performance.

6. For KHAPS BLACK PIG: Using 50% of feed rice to substitute the corn in diet had no effects on body weight, daily gain and feed conversion ratio and plasma urea nitrogen.

7. For LD meat pigs: Result showed that usingz 50% feed rice to substitution the corn in diet of growing finishing pigs can obtain larger growth, higher carcass quality and pork sensory evaluation score than the control group.